In order for a product toīe assimilated, careful error characterization is required. In nature and often used for plume detection work. While there are numerousĭust detection algorithms available, historically they have been qualitative Maritime air masses confuse thermal infrared-based satellite techniques for dust detection.ĭust products suitable for data assimilation into numerical forecast models are in high demand (e.g.,īenedetti et al., 2018, and references therein).
Furthermore, the land–sea interface produces strong horizontal gradients in column moisture between continental and Signal and cause biases in visible-based remote sensing retrievals. High-turbidity conditions produce bright backgrounds, which can obscure Radiometer-based methods, the most readily available form of satellite data,įace their own array of challenges in coastal zones. Problems best suited to satellite-based remote sensing. Over maritime regions, detection and characterization of aerosol propertiesįor short-term forecasting applications in coastal zones worldwide are Given the sparsity of applicable surface-based observations, particularly Predict in numerical models and require accurate observations and coupledĭata assimilation techniques to produce and evaluate a representativeĪnalysis (Frolov et al., 2016 Penny and Hamill, 2017 Zupanski, 2017). Such fine-scale features and interactions are inherently difficult to New dust in arid environments (e.g., Grant and van den Heever, 2014 SeigelĪnd van den Heever, 2012 Miller et al., 2008). Coastal topography furtherĬomplicates redistribution patterns and can also serve as focal points forĬonvection and associated convective downdrafts, which redistribute and loft Optical properties on fine-spatial and temporal scales (van den Heever etĪl., 2006 Reid et al., 2008 Igel et al., 2018). Horizontally and vertically, and through changes in humidity modulate its Interface (surface and air mass discontinuities) gives rise to highlyĭynamic and diurnally varying flow patterns which redistribute dust The evolution of aerosol distributions and properties. (littoral) zones represent a unique challenge for analyzing and predicting To the latter, mineral dust poses uniqueĪnd significant challenges in terms of its effects on visibility,Įlectronics performance, and electro-optical signal propagation. The monitoring of mineral dust life cycle is a high priority for the globalĪerosol community in terms of basic research, climate, and operational Mass, with the best performance realized over land surfaces. Moisture, reveals parts of the missing dust plume embedded in the moist air The new technique, indexed toĪn independent description of the surface-to-500 hPa atmospheric column Radiative masking effects of water vapor via modulation of the split-windowĭust-detection threshold, predicated on idealized simulations tied to theseĭriving factors, is proposed and demonstrated. A multi-sensor technique for mitigating the Magnitude of the split-window brightness temperature difference commonly Differences in assumptions ofĭust complex refractive index translate to variations in the sign and Vertical extent, and dust optical properties. The sensitivity of infrared-based dust detection to column water vapor, dust Understanding of the environmental controls of this event, characterizing Profiles, and idealized radiative transfer simulations, we develop a better Multi-satellite and multi-sensor observations of lofted dust and moisture In combining information from numerical modeling, Visible reflectance revealed the plume crossing over an adjacent dark waterīackground. The dry air mass dust plume, they experienced marked difficulties inĭetecting the moist air mass dust plume, becoming apparent when Whereas conventional infrared-based techniques readily detected
A microcosm of these challenges occurred over 3–4 August 2016 when two dust plumes, one lofted within an inland dry air mass andĪnother embedded within a moist air mass, met over the southern Arabian With such examples, with its diverse array of dust sources, dust mineralogy,Īnd meteorologically driven lofting mechanisms on multiple spatial and Lofted mineral dust over data-sparse regions presentsĬonsiderable challenges to satellite-based remote sensing methods and